lobiemporium.blogg.se - Hypercalcemia causes usmle mynotes

Passing a stone can be extremely painful. Over time, the crystals can combine to form kidney stones. If your urine contains too much calcium, crystals might form in your kidneys. If your bones continue to release calcium into your blood, you can develop the bone-thinning disease osteoporosis, which could lead to bone fractures, spinal column curvature and loss of height. Taking excessive amounts of calcium or vitamin D supplements over time can raise calcium levels in your blood above normal.

Certain drugs - such as lithium, used to treat bipolar disorder - might increase the release of parathyroid hormone. Having less fluid in your blood causes a rise in calcium concentrations. A common cause of mild or transient hypercalcemia is dehydration. Over time, bones that don't bear weight release calcium into the blood. People who have a condition that causes them to spend a lot of time sitting or lying down can develop hypercalcemia. This condition doesn't cause symptoms or complications of hypercalcemia. A rare genetic disorder known as familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia causes an increase of calcium in your blood because of faulty calcium receptors in your body. Certain diseases, such as tuberculosis and sarcoidosis, can raise blood levels of vitamin D, which stimulates your digestive tract to absorb more calcium. Spread of cancer (metastasis) to your bones also increases your risk. Lung cancer and breast cancer, as well as some blood cancers, can increase your risk of hypercalcemia. This most common cause of hypercalcemia can stem from a small, noncancerous (benign) tumor or enlargement of one or more of the four parathyroid glands. Overactive parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism).

This delicate balance between too little calcium in your blood and hypercalcemia can be disrupted by a variety of factors. Your kidneys to excrete less calcium and activate more vitamin D, which plays a vital role in calcium absorption.Your digestive tract to absorb more calcium.

Your bones to release calcium into your blood.

Normally, if there isn't enough calcium in your blood, your parathyroid glands secrete a hormone that triggers: Rarely, severe hypercalcemia can interfere with your heart function, causing palpitations and fainting, indications of cardiac arrhythmia, and other heart problems.Ĭontact your doctor if you develop signs and symptoms that might indicate hypercalcemia, such as being extremely thirsty, urinating frequently and having abdominal pain.īesides building strong bones and teeth, calcium helps muscles contract and nerves transmit signals. Hypercalcemia can interfere with how your brain works, resulting in confusion, lethargy and fatigue. This can cause bone pain and muscle weakness. In most cases, the excess calcium in your blood was leached from your bones, which weakens them. Hypercalcemia can cause stomach upset, nausea, vomiting and constipation. This can cause excessive thirst and frequent urination. Excess calcium makes your kidneys work harder to filter it. More-severe cases produce signs and symptoms related to the parts of your body affected by the high calcium levels in your blood. You might not have signs or symptoms if your hypercalcemia is mild.